Which of the following is a sign of shock?

Confusion or altered mental status is a classic sign of shock. When a person is in shock, their body is experiencing inadequate perfusion and oxygenation of tissues, which can lead to both physical and cognitive effects. The brain is particularly sensitive to changes in blood flow and oxygen levels, so when shock occurs, it can result in confusion, agitation, or a decreased level of consciousness. This altered mental state is a critical indicator for responders, as it can help them recognize the severity of the situation and the need for immediate intervention.

In contrast, signs such as a decreased heart rate, warm dry skin, or increased urine output would not typically align with shock. In shock, you would expect to see an increased heart rate as the body attempts to compensate for low blood volume or pressure. Warm, dry skin generally suggests that the body is effectively maintaining circulation, which is not in line with shock, where skin may often be cold and clammy. Increased urine output is also contradictory to the state of shock, as the body usually conserves fluids when it is in distress to maintain blood pressure and blood volume. Thus, recognizing confusion or altered mental status as a sign of shock is crucial for timely and appropriate medical response.