What happens during neurogenic shock?

During neurogenic shock, widespread vasodilation occurs due to the failure of the nervous system to regulate vascular tone properly. This condition typically results from a spinal cord injury that disrupts autonomic control, particularly when the sympathetic nervous system is impaired. In the absence of sympathetic tone, blood vessels cannot constrict appropriately, leading to an increased capacity of the vascular system. As a result, the blood that would normally be distributed throughout the body accumulates in these dilated vessels, which significantly reduces venous return to the heart and ultimately causes a drop in blood pressure.

This vasodilation can lead to inadequate perfusion of vital organs, resulting in potential complications such as impaired oxygen delivery and the risk of organ failure. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for EMTs and medical practitioners in managing neurogenic shock effectively, including the importance of fluid resuscitation and potential vasopressors to counteract the effects of vasodilation and maintain blood pressure.